ABSTRACT
In the last decade, there has been a rapid increase in the number of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy applications in medical research. In this article we review some recent, and in our opinion, most interesting and promising applications of SERS spectroscopy in medical diagnostics, including those that permit multiplexing within the range important for clinical samples. We focus on the SERS-based detection of markers of various diseases (or those whose presence significantly increases the chance of developing a given disease), and on drug monitoring. We present selected examples of the SERS detection of particular fragments of DNA or RNA, or of bacteria, viruses, and disease-related proteins. We also describe a very promising and elegant 'lab-on-chip' approach used to carry out practical SERS measurements via a pad whose action is similar to that of a pregnancy test. The fundamental theoretical background of SERS spectroscopy, which should allow a better understanding of the operation of the sensors described, is also briefly outlined. We hope that this review article will be useful for researchers planning to enter this fascinating field.
ABSTRACT
We unintentionally incorporated into our original analysis 52 911 days of measurement from 606 participants where the dates did not meet the appropriate inclusion period for these individuals. After removal, the updated dataset consisted of 463 818 days of measurement from 5288 participants. These statistics should replace those originally reported in the abstract, the first paragraph of the results, and the last paragraph of the discussion. After updating the results, the number of participants by state changed from 2937 to 2605 for CA, from 1111 to 1008 for TX, from 973 to 888 for NY, and from 873 to 787 for FL. The average participant age changed from 39.6 to 39.8. The number of participants in each age category was reduced: for ages <26, the reduction was from 774 to 692;for >26 and <56 years of age, the reduction was from 4459 to 4024 (76.1%-75.7% of the sample);and for >56 years the reduction was from 661 to 572 (11.2%-10.8%). The date that a daily mean LEX8h shift was detected was March 13th or 14th, rather than March 13th as originally reported. The Monday and Saturday averages measured during the intervention were each reduced by 0.1 dB to 72.0 and 74.0 dBA, respectively. Overall, 90% (rather than 99%) of participants reduced their time spent above 75 dBA between Friday and Sunday. The error in the exposures in the 0 to <65 dBA category during the baseline period changed from ±0.2% to ±0.1%, and the percentage of measures in that category during the intervention changed from 8.8% (±0.4%) to 9.2% (±0.1%). The text 'nearly 6000 participants' in the discussion should read 'over 5000 participants'. The new versions of figures 1 and 2 below reflect the updated analysis. None of these changes affect our overall results or conclusions. (Figure Presented). © 2021 The Author(s). Published by IOP Publishing Ltd